Modeling and simulation in engineering sciences

This book features state-of-the-art contributions in mathematical, experimental and numerical simulations in engineering sciences. The contributions in this book, which comprise twelve chapters, are organized in six sections spanning mechanical, aerospace, electrical, electronic, computer, materials, geotechnical and chemical engineering. Topics include metal micro-forming, compressible reactive flows, radio frequency circuits, barrier infrared detectors, fiber Bragg and long-period fiber gratings, semiconductor modelling, many-core architecture computers, laser processing of materials, alloy phase decomposition, nanofluids, geo-materials and rheo-kinetics. Contributors are from Europe, China, Mexico, Malaysia and Iran. The chapters feature many sophisticated approaches including Monte Carlo simulation, FLUENT and ABAQUS computational modelling, discrete element modelling and partitioned frequency-time methods. The book will be of interest to researchers and also consultants engaged in many areas of engineering simulation

MHD convective heat transfer of nanofluids through a flexible tube with buoyancy : a study of nano-particle shape effects

This paper presents an analytical study of magnetohydrodynamics and convective heat transfer of nanofluids synthesized by three different shaped (brick, platelet and cylinder) silver (Ag) nanoparticles in water. A two-phase nanoscale formulation is adopted which is more appropriate for biophysical systems. The flow is induced by metachronal beating of cilia and the flow geometry is considered as a cylindrical tube. The analysis is carried out under the low Reynolds number and long wavelength approximations and the fluid and cilia dynamics is of the creeping type. A Lorentzian magnetic body force model is employed and magnetic induction effects are neglected. Solutions to the transformed boundary value problem are obtained via numerical integration. The influence of cilia length parameter, Hartmann (magnetic) number, heat absorption parameter, Grashof number (free convection), solid nanoparticle volume fraction, and cilia eccentricity parameter on the flow and heat transfer characteristics (including effective thermal conductivity of the nanofluid) are examined in detail. Furthermore a comparative study for different nanoparticle geometries (i.e. bricks, platelets and cylinders) is conducted. The computations show that pressure increases with enhancing the heat absorption, buoyancy force (i.e. Grashof number) and nanoparticle fraction however it reduces with increasing the magnetic field. The computations also reveal that pressure enhancement is a maximum for the platelet nano-particle case compared with the brick and cylinder nanoparticle cases. Furthermore the quantity of trapped streamlines for cylinder type nanoparticles exceeds substantially that computed for brick and platelet nanoparticles, whereas the bolus magnitude (trapped zone) for brick nanoparticles is demonstrably greater than that obtained for cylinder and platelet nanoparticles.The present model is applicable in biological and biomimetic transport phenomena exploiting magnetic nanofluids and ciliated inner tube surfaces

Variable-viscosity thermal hemodynamic slip flow conveying nanoparticles through a permeable-walled composite stenosed artery

This paper presents a mathematical model for simulating viscous, incompressible, steady-state blood flow containing biocompatible copper nanoparticles and coupled heat transfer through a composite stenosed artery with permeable walls. Wall slip hydrodynamic and also thermal buoyancy effects are included. The artery is simulated as an isotropic elastic tube, following Joshi et al (2009), and a variable viscosity formulation is employed for the flowing blood. The equations governing the transport phenomena are non-dimensionalized and the resulting boundary value problem is solved analytically in the steady state subject to physically appropriate boundary conditions. Numerical computations are conducted to quantify the effects of relevant hemodynamic, thermophysical and nanoscale parameters emerging in the model on velocity and temperature profiles, wall shear stress, impedance resistance and also streamline distributions. The model may be applicable to drug fate transport modeling with nanoparticle agents and also the optimized design of nanoscale medical devices for diagnosing stenotic diseases in circulatory systems

Peristaltic transport of bi-viscosity fluids through a curved tube : a mathematical model for intestinal flow

The human intestinal tract is a long curved tube constituting the final section of the digestive system in which nutrients and water are mostly absorbed. Motivated by the dynamics of chyme in the intestine, a mathematical model is developed to simulate the associated transport phenomena via peristaltic transport. Rheology of chyme is modelled using the Nakamura-Sawada bi-viscosity non-Newtonian formulation. The intestinal tract is considered as a curved tube geometric model. Low Reynolds number (creeping hydrodynamics) and long wavelength approximations are taken into consideration.Analytical solutions of the moving boundary value problem are derived for velocity field,pressure gradient and pressure rise. Streamline flow visualization is achieved with Mathematica symbolic software. Peristaltic pumping phenomenon and trapping of the bolus are also examined. The influence of curvature parameter, apparent viscosity coefficient (rheological parameter) and volumetric flow rate on flow characteristics is described. Validation of analytical solutions is achieved with a MAPLE17 numerical quadrature algorithm. The work is relevant to improving understanding of gastric hydrodynamics and provides a benchmark for further computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations

Mathematical model for ciliary-induced transport in MHD flow of Cu-H2O nanoßuids with magnetic induction

Motivated by novel developments in surface-modified, nanoscale, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) biomedical devices, we study theoretically the ciliary induced transport by metachronal wave propagation in hydromagnetic flow of copper-water nanofluids through a parallel plate channel. Under the physiological constraints, creeping flow is taken into consideration i.e. inertial forces are small compared with viscous forces. The metachronal wavelength is also considered as very large for cilia induced MHD flow. Magnetic Reynolds number is sufficiently large to invoke magnetic induction effects. The physical problem is linearized and exact solutions are developed for the resulting boundary value problem. Closed-form expressions are presented for the stream function, pressure rise, induced magnetic field function and temperature. Mathematica symbolic software is used to compute and illustrate numerical results. The influence of physical parameters on velocity profile, pressure gradient and trapping of bolus are discussed with the aid of graphs. The present computations are applicable to simulations of flow control of in nano-magneto-biomimetic technologies

PEMANFAATAN BULU AYAM DAN KOMPOSISI CANGKANG RAJUNGAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS FISIK DAN KIMIA KOMPOS

Utilization of waste chicken feather and crab shells as compost material is an alternative to reduce the environmental pollution caused by waste. This research is identify and study the effect of the addition of crab shells during composting of chicken feather in improving the physical and chemical quality compost chicken feather. The composition compost consists of 1.75 kg of chicken feathers + 0.15 kg of chicken manure + 0.1 kg bran. Treatment includes research R0 without the addition of crab shells, R1 0,2 kg, R2 0,4 kg, R3 0.6 kg shell crab. This research used a cluster randomized design (RAK) consisting of 4 treatment, which was repeated 3 and each treatment has 3 samples, 36 samples were obtained observations. Observations on the observed variables were analyzed using the F test. If there is a treatment that have a real effect, it will continue to use further testing Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) with a 95% confidence level. Physical parameters include is water conten, temperature, and colour of compost. Parameters chemical include is N, P, K, Ca, C- Organik, and C/N ratio. The results showed that the addition 0.6 kg of crab shells only give the effect in improving quality pH (7,29%), Ca (6,8%), P (1,16%), N-Total (4,16%). Variables that have met quality standards by SNI 19-7030-2004 compost is N-total, pH, Ca, C-Organic and Phosphoru

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Terhadap Pengetahuan Tentang Dukungan Suami Selama Proses Persalinan Di Bendan Banyudono Boyolali

The existence of acompanionis needed to assist a mother in child birth guide. The task of acompanionis to give support during pregnancy, labor and child birth, this simplifying the course of child birth. Therefore,a husband who is needed because it can provide support to a mother during child birth. Support can be given by a husband agains this wife motivated physically and psychologically. The support given can make mothers who experience child birth feel safe and comfortable. The aim ofthis study was to determine the effect tof health educationon the knowledge of the husband's support during labor in Bendan, Banyudono. This research is aquantitative research with one group pretest posttes tdesign. Population of this research is the husband who has apregnant wife's first child (primigravida). The total sample of 32 respondents with total sampling technique.The instrument used in this study is a questionnaire that contains knowledge about the husband's support during child birth. Analyze data using a non-parametric Wilcoxon rank test with p value: 0,000<α =0.05. The result is the influence of knowledge before and after being given health education. Advice for respondents to be able to apply the results of health education when accompanying his wife during delivery. Keywords: Suppor thusband, knowledge, health education